About this Author

John Yunker is founder of Byte Level Research and author of the widely acclaimed book, Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies and editor of Global By Design. He has covered the emerging field of Web globalization for half a decade and has published a wide range of reports dedicated to best practices in Web localization and internationalization.
About this blog
Going Global focuses on the risks and rewards of expanding into new geographic and cultural markets, from Web globalization to international marketing to global usability.
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Monthly Archives
November 29, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
All Web sites are, by default, global. But which Web sites do the best job of truly speaking to the world? That is, which Web sites support the most languages, make navigation effortless for non-English speakers, and provide Web users around the world with fast-loading Web pages?
These are the questions I began asking a few years ago when my firm produced the first report on this topic, The Web Globalization Report Card. We studied 121 Web sites, ranging from Amazon to GE to Sony.
Google emerged as the best site overall.
Yesterday we published the 2005 Web Globalization Report Card and, sure enough, Google is tops once again. Frankly, I wasn't surprised to see Google at the top of the list. It's not a perfect Web site, but it does a great many things right -- from providing users around the world with a fast-loading Web page (much faster than Yahoo!) to using a consistent, global interface to supporting 97 different languages. As I've said before, Google is arguably the most global commercial Web site yet developed.
But it is not the only successful global Web site out there. Here are the top 10 Web sites:
1. Google
2. HP
3. American Express
4. Philips
5. Skype
6. Ericsson
7. Procter & Gamble
8. Cisco Systems
9. IBM
10. E*TRADE
Companies like Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, Qualcomm and Disney did not fair so well. All finished near the bottom of our rankings. Being a global company or having a global brand does not ensure a successful global Web site.
If your company is planning to dive into the Web globalization waters, I encourage you to take the time to review these 10 Web sites.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Translation | Web Globalization
Posted by John Yunker
Over the years, Dell has developed what is now one of the best global Web sites. The Dell site made our top 25 list in the 2005 Web Globalization Report Card and it is a major reason why Dell keeps hitting its numbers year after year. Emerging markets are fueling Dell's growth and the future looks bright.
Until the lawyers come knocking...
DE Technologies is suing Dell for patent infringement.
Apparently DE Technologies has a patent to a specifc way of managing international transactions, something it calls the BOES (Borderless Order Entry System). Here's the patent in question. I'm not a patent attorney but this appears like such a far-reaching and vague patent that virtually any ecommerce company could be sued by DE Technologies.
If there is merit to this suit this is a big deal for Dell (among others). Roughly 36% of Dell's revenues comes from outside the US. DE Technologies claims that more than 4,500 export transactions are handled daily by Dell, generating upwards of $50 million.
DE Technologies wants a percentage of Dell's sales and, I'm assuming, a percentage of sales from any other company it deems in violation of the patent.
I really hate to see these patent disputes. And I'm wondering if we're going to need an open source project just for international ecommerce. Perhaps we will, and perhaps Dell would be wise in getting the ball rolling. For less than what it will likely pay its lawyers, it could launch such a project, open it to the world and not have to deal with the likes of DE Technologies any more.
UPDATE:
I registered for a demo of DE Technologies' BOES service and just received this email:
Thank you for your interest in DE Technologies BOES/ECBS technology (U.S. Patent No. 6,460,020). This demo site which reflects the technology supplied to the United States Foreign Commercial Service of the Department of Commerce under Task Order No. 2051-056-001 (1998) Electronic Commerce Backbone System is no longer accessible.
Due to pending patent infringement litigation to protect our intellectual property and stop the rampant piracy of it we are now restricting this area.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Web Globalization
November 26, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
The Wall Street Journal reports that Nike has unleashed a poster campaign in Singapore that creates a graffiti-like appearance in bus shelters.

According to the article, the "page-size posters featuring anime-style images of NBA star LeBron James were pasted helter-skelter over the ad panels of 700 bus stops, shocking commuters who are used to the ultratidy shelters. At least 50 commuters have called or written to complain, said officials at Clear Channel Communications Inc., which owns the advertising rights to the bus shelters."
Sometimes, the goal of marketing is not to fit in with the cultural norms. It appears that young people have responded to the promotion by collecting the posters. And, hey, the free publicity alone is golden.
However, this doesn't mean a multinational company can't simply ignore cultural noms around the world. For a campaign like this to succeed, you still have to know what those cultural norms are and how far you can go in tweaking them.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization
November 25, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
For Microsoft's video game Halo 2 to become a global success story, the game needed to be localized for the world.

Easier said that done.
JBL Localization issued a press release announcing their role in creating a Latin American Spanish version of Halo 2. The release sheds light on just how complex video game localization can be. Here's an excerpt:
According to JBI Localization President Eliane Barth, the Halo 2 project involved more than 80,000 words of script, including a promotional trailer, and the recording of more than 30 actors reading the lines of the various characters. In one instance, Barth said, a last minute script change required that 14 actors be rounded up for a next-day recording session. The actors arrived at the studio on schedule and the work was completed that day. Altogether, JBI delivered more than 16,000 audio files, including processing.
A lot of people look at video game localization the same way they look at Web localization -- like photocopying. Yet this analogy is dangerous, because it implies that computers can do the heavy lifting and that the process itself requires little time or skill. But, as JBL illustrates, localizing a video game requires many of the same skills that went into the creating the original video game.
Here's another excerpt:
Specifications for the project were extremely rigid, Barth said. For example, audio loop lengths were required to be within five percent of their lengths in the English language version.
What JBL had to do is return translated audio "loops" that were nearly the same length as the English-language loops. Anyone who has learned another language or watched a subtitled movie knows full well that translations rarely align, word for word, with the source language. So, to ensure that the loops stayed aligned, JBL had to both translate for time length as well as manage the audio talent to make sure they spoke more quickly or more slowly to "hit their marks."
For more information on this emerging field of video game localization, check out this Q&A I conducted recently.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Translation | Wireless & Video Game Globalization
November 24, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
According to this article, Quebec Premier Jean Charest has hinted that he might crack down on the spread of English in the workplace. Apparently French is losing its grip. albeit very slowly, in this Canadian Province.
The report I just completed on Web globalization would seem to support this trend. In 2003, we looked at language use on the Web sites of 121 major multinationals. French Canadian finished 7th overall. In our latest report, we studied 200 Web sites and French Canadian finished 12th overall. Of course, behind this drop were up-and-coming languages like Chinese and Korean.
Still, you have to wonder about the future of a language when the government requires people to speak it.
Conversely, there are groups within the US who want to force federal and state governments not to support Spanish.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Cultural Issues | Translation | US Hispanic Market | Web Globalization
Posted by John Yunker
How's this for a localized promotion? I just received a Thanksgiving email from my friends at Air New Zealand:

I'm touched, really.
More important, I'm reminded of the importance of local holidays and their potential marketing value. What is your company doing to take advantage of holidays around the world?
Boxing Day? Bastille Day? San Juan Day? Lucia Day? It seems like every day is a holiday somewhere.
For more information, here's a list of holidays around the world.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Cultural Issues
November 23, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Just when I thought I'd seen every type of search engine, along comes Babelplex. Babelplex takes a search string, translates it into another language and searches on both languages at once.
Its name comes from the Web-based machine translation software, Babel Fish.
Click here to search on "Web globalization" in English and Chinese.
This could be a handy tool for testing Google adwords in other markets. Apart from that, I'm not sure how I'd use it just yet, at least not until I improve on my Spanish.
I can't imagine Google will look too kindly at its design:

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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Software Localization | Translation | Web Globalization
November 22, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Would you believe that the Tom Hanks' film The Terminal turned a profit?
I wouldn't have believed it, not until I read this Wall Street Journal article (paid subscription required).
The Terminal did indeed tank in the US, but it turned a profit overall, thanks to the foreign markets. No wonder movie stars are racking up the frequent flyer miles plugging their films around the world. Overseas revenues were once viewed as little more than gravy on top of domestic revenues. No more.
Here's an article excerpt:
It's the foreign box office, stupid. While movie attendance has been stalling in the U.S., it's growing in other parts of the world, making Prague as much a bellwether for Hollywood as Peoria. The box office for movies in Europe, the Middle East and Asia will grow at an annual compounded rate of 4.7% to $8.3 billion over the next five years, according to estimates from PricewaterhouseCoopers. That's slightly below projected box-office rate growth in the U.S., but it's significant enough to buoy movies that sink stateside, especially when the movies feature stars who have a bigger following outside the U.S.
The focus on the foreign market has even caused studios to change who gets cast and where movies are made. "Ocean's Twelve," which will be released Dec. 10 and is the sequel to the 2001 caper flick, "Ocean's Eleven," was deliberately set in Europe and filmed in Amsterdam, Paris and Rome, to "enhance the movie internationally," says Alan Horn, president of Warner Bros. Pictures. "Ocean's Eleven" pulled in $183.4 million at the U.S. box office, but $267.3 million overseas. Mr. Horn says he expects "Ocean's Twelve" to do more overseas than "Ocean's Eleven" did.
What we have here is a complete transformation in the way Hollywood does business, a transformation that is resulting in:
- Simultaneous global releases. Studios launch films globally at once to minimize the "piracy tax" and maximize revenues. It used to be that foreign markets had to wait half a year, or more, to get the latest Hollywood flics. Not now. Ocean's Twelve, for example, is opening in Germany just six days after it opens in the US.
- Film Web sites going global. A number of studios already have global corporate Web sites (most of which are poorly executed). But until recently those individual film promotion Web sites were available in English only. This too is changing (see below). This is great news for translation and localization vendors.
- Deep, artsy, subtle filme? You can forget about those, not that Hollywood was making many to begin with. The films that work globally consist of sex appeal, thin plots and chase scenes. Hollywood wants stories that don't get lost in translation (no pun intended). But the larger question is this: If studios are now developing movies for global audiences, where does this leave the US audience?
Anyway, if you're traveling to Berlin this winter, you might want to check out Der Polarexpress, playing at a cinema near you...

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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization
November 21, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
I am from St. Louis, where a tiny little brewery known as Anheuser-Busch (AB) is headquartered. Needless to say, I've followed the growth of the company for years now and I've always been particularly fascinated by the story of Budvar vs. Budweiser.
AB rolled out Budweiser way back in 1876 and registered the brand name in the US. Back then, the idea of exporting beer internationally was akin to the idea of a moon landing.
But Budweiser turned out the be the most successful beer brand ever created. It survived Prohibition (some say thanks to a deal with Al Capone) and eventually AB began exporting its beer internationally.

And that's when it rubbed shoulders with another brand of Budweiser, sold by the Czech brewery Budvar. Back then, the two breweries basically agreed to leave each other alone; Budvar would stay out of the US if AB stays out of much of Europe. That turns out to be an agreement that AB sorely regrets today.
For the past fifty years, lawyers have dominated this battle. Both companies have gained some ground, made some compromises. You may have noticed that Budvar sells "Budvar" in the US now and AB sells "Bud" (not Budweiser) in Europe.
Anyway, I read the other day in this New York Times article that this battle is now part of a much-larger battle between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the European Union.
Apparently the EU protects the identity of 41 European products throughout Europe, such as Parma ham, Champagne and, yes, Budvar beer. The WTO, which looks at global copyright issues, says that the EU should also extend this type of protection to non-European products, such as, say, AB's Budweiser.
This is all preliminary thus far, but stay tuned. Global copyright and trademark protection is a very important issue with no easy answers. But there are real winners and losers in these cases. I, for one, wnat to see Budvar win its battle.
PS: For a good article on the Budvar vs. Budweiser history, check out the Brand Channel.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization
November 19, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
China, as this Wall Street Journal article notes, is no longer a place companies go just to make things. Thanks to its booming economy, China is now a place to sell things. Here's an article clip:
"The biggest error in the past that the multinational firms have [made] in the Chinese market is they haven't had a sufficient enough appreciation of the domestic market," says Sean Debow, who tracks technology companies and trends in Asia for international investment bank UBS. Now, he says, "people are focusing on adapting products designed abroad to meet the specific needs of China."
Take Matsushita (Panasonic). The company had been steadily losing market share in China because it was trying to sell the Chinese the same products it was selling to its Japanese customers. No more...
So Matsushita has changed its strategy. Rather than designing all products from start to finish in Japan, it has begun hiring local engineers to alter them, coming up with new models for the Chinese market.
The Chinese design centers are proving to be crucial in areas such as cellphone handsets, where manufacturers produce a huge variety of styles -- there are several hundred on the market -- and the phones are viewed as fashion accessories. To compete, foreign concerns must churn out their own wide and diverse lineup. The development centers also allow the company to study cultural preferences. Employees realized, for instance, that Chinese consumers like brighter, vermilion phones compared with the darker red preferred by the Japanese.
Panasonic may be making progress with its product localization but it does still need help with its Web localization. I am now wrapping up a study of 200 global Web sites and Panasonic is ranked in the lowest quadrant.
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November 18, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
According to News.com, Apple is launching iTunes for Japan in March 2005.
As I reported a few weeks agoiTunes is already localized for 12 European markets. Japan, however, will not be quite so simple due to the inevitable character set challenges.
Also, here are my initial thoughts of how effectively Apple is localizing each store.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Software Localization | Web Globalization
November 17, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Craigslist has been replicating itself across every major US city for the past few years, enjoying tremendous success along the way. Naturally, it only makes sense that the company start tackling some non-US cities.
Wisely, the company began with English-speaking cites, such as London and Melbourne. But as the folks at eBay, Amazon and others can attest, English can only take a company so far.
Craiglist is now offering Web sites for Paris and Tokyo. However, the ventures are only limited to English. But the Paris site, shown here, notes that French is coming...

It will be very interesting to see how successfully Craigslist handles the new languages and character sets. One thing in its favor is its graphics-free Web design; this makes for faster localization and a fast-loading Web page. In many parts of the world people still pay for Internet access by the minute, so a fast-loading Web page is competitive advantage. Craigslist has taken a page from Google's playbook.
Thanks to Hylton via Poynter for the heads up on this.
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November 15, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Google appears to be doing for blogs what it did for search engines. According to this InfoWorld article, Blogger, which is owned by Google, is going to be localized for 9 languages "soon." The languages are Japanese, traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, Korean, French, Italian, Spanish, German and Brazilian Portuguese
This can't be good news for the folks at Six Apart. Although they have a head start over Blogger, having already localized TypePad for six markets, I can't imagine they can hold that lead for long.
Here is where TypePad stands today:

It will be interesting to see how many locales are supported six months from now and where Blogger stands in relation. Google, as I've said before, is arguably the most global commercial Web site ever created. With 97 language interfaces, it truly speaks to the world. There is no reason why Blogger can't also be available in 97 languages; but can TypePad (and the other blog services) keep up?
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| Category: Business Globalization
November 14, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
According to this New York Times article Asians have one more thing in common with Americans -- love for the ol' credit card.
The consumer credit business is booming in Thailand and throughout Southeast Asia. And, unlike Americans, defaults are unusually low -- welcome news to the lenders. Citibank was one of the pioneers in this region; not surprisingly, the company also has a fairly sophisticated Thai Web site. (As an aside, I just completed an exhaustive analysis of 200 global Web sites and Citibank finished in the top 25.)
Which leads me to wonder what other cultural or local myths are simply business opportunities in disguise?
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| Category: Business Globalization
November 11, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
According to CNET, eBay is purchasing Markplace.nl for $290 million in cash. Founded in 1999, Marktplaats.nl averages roughly a million listings.

This purchase gives eBay an instant presence in the Netherlands, something that has been lacking. eBay currently supports 24 local Web sites and 9 languages. If I were to predict where eBay is headed next, I would take a nice long look across Eastern Europe. Although many of the markets are quite small, that is where the growth is.
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November 10, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
You can find a Web site devoted to pretty much anything on the Internet. The Web site Enrgish.com is devoted to " humorous English mistakes that appear in Japanese advertising and product design."
Apparently the site is so popular that it has spawned a book deal. According to Publisher's Marketplace, Steve Caires (the Web site creator) has signed a book deal, tentatively titled "DO YOU FEEL ENJOY!!: TODAY'S MODERN ENGRIS."
This should be a lesson to all translators - make a mistake and you could find yourself enshrined in a book someday.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Translation
November 8, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Here is an interesting Q&A with Peter Moore, global marketing chief of Microsoft's Xbox. They have offered a subscription-based, online Xbox service for a couple years now and we find that Microsoft now offers the service in 24 countries and has over a million subscribers. Not too shabby.
Here the most relevant excerpt from the interview:
We are trying now to globalize our marketing message, something that has never been done in our industry before. Typically, the marketing message has been regional, if not local. Now we have this incredible vehicle called Xbox Live, which gives us the opportunity to speak with one voice to a consumer, whether in Beijing, Bangkok, or Barcelona.
... Certainly soccer was one area we felt required no translation, no real localization and no explanation of the rules. It crosses all boundaries, all continents, and the ability for someone to play a game against somebody else 5,000 miles away -- the identical game and they both totally understand what's going on -- it's an incredible experience. Having already done it myself -- it blows me away.
So, that and some other media deals that we haven't announced yet are great examples of the things that we're trying to do to globalize our message so that when you get off a plane anywhere in the world you feel that Xbox has the same positioning, the same statement to the consumer, and stands for the same things. Typical to our industry, it's been very, very regionalizing. You can even see different taglines depending on which continent you're on.
You've hit a little rough patch in Japan. Why is that?
Well, we've issued mea culpas weekly. I was just there two weeks ago giving my latest mea culpa. We made some fundamental errors -- which we're very cognizant of, and don't hide behind -- on some industrial design and some content strategy. As a result, we got off to a very rough start, and the Japanese market is somewhat unforgiving. They are very, very quality-focused consumers -- perhaps the most quality-focused in the world -- particularly in regard to consumer electronics.
Our launch was less than stellar in the areas I've just mentioned, and it's difficult to recover. However, we've been doing a tremendous amount of work to make sure that when the next generation arrives, that Japan is a very, very important part of the next generation for us. I can guarantee we won't make the same mistakes the second time around. We're a company that's pretty good at getting it right, if not the first time, certainly the second time.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Wireless & Video Game Globalization
November 7, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Every culture has lucky and unlucky numbers. In the US, you'll be hard-pressed to find the 13th floor in New York City.
According to CNN, someone in China paid $215,000 for a lucky cell phone number. He got a number with the maximum number of 3s, which is a lucky number in China. The number 8 is even luckier, but because Chinese phone numbers begin with "!3", the grouping of 3s is apparently even more valuable.
Just as 3 and 8 are lucky numbers, 4 is highly unlucky. When pronounced in Cantonese, it sounds similar to the pronunciation for "death." Two Chinese cities went so far as to ban the number 4 from license places. And you won't find the 4th or 14th floors on many Chinese buildings.
That leads me to a story about how numbers relate to business strategy and branding. Palm recently released the Tungsten T5 handheld, the successor to the T3. Why no T4?
Well, it used to be that marketers would ask: "Does it play in Peoria?" before launching a new product. Today, they also must ask: "Does it play in Shanghai?"
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Cultural Issues | Translation | Web Globalization
November 6, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
The BBC has launched a new feature for Welsh speakers who aren't too fluent in English. The Web application is called Vocab. Here's an article excerpt:
Vocab lets users hold the cursor over a word and get an instant translation without having to leave the site.
Developed by BBC Wales' New Media department, the programme is available free of charge to Welsh-language websites outside the BBC. The device uses a database of 22,000 words chosen from the BBC's Learn Welsh online dictionary.
It is aimed at everyone from Welsh learners to fluent Welsh-speakers confronted with an unfamiliar word.
Vocab allows a word's meaning to be checked instantly without a reader having to use either a paper dictionary or click out of the site to a separate online dictionary.
It appears that Vocab will be expanded to support additional language pairs.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Translation | Web Globalization
November 5, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
SDL announced that it has released a Chinese version of its translation memory tool SDLX. The company claims that this is the "first time a major translation technology player has localized its product for the growing Chinese market."
I'll have to touch base with competitive vendors to see if this claim is true, but it seems absurd at this point if they don't have a Chinese version of their software.
I found this blurb on SDL's press release particularly interesting:
According to the Hong Kong Trade Council, China's translation industry currently accounts for $1.5 billion annually, and that number is expected to grow to $2.5 billion by 2007 with the Translation Association of China stating that there are currently over 3,000 translation companies operating in China.
So when you hear analysts like myself say there are 6,000+ translation firms around the world, you can assume that half of them are in China. But be aware that a "translation firm" is often one person.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Globalization Vendors
Posted by John Yunker
About a month ago I wrote about how iTunes had currently been localized for three markets.
My how time flies. The last I checked the iTunes Music Store now supports 12 markets outside the US. Not too shabby.

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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Software Localization | Web Globalization
November 4, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Martin Duerst pointed out a global gateway that has to be a first of its kind, shown below:

What isn't obvious in the photo is that these flags are actually animated GIFs that iterate through a selection of flags. When your flag appears, you select it and you'll be taken to your specific country Web site.
This is not the type of gateway I would recommend. Flags are almost always a bad idea - since they don't scale well and they also are not directly related to language in some cases. And the animated GIFs make it particularly challenging to arrive at your particular country. Nevertheless, I love to see the new and creative ways that companies tackle global navigation.
You can check out the gateway yourself here.
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Posted by John Yunker
Fast Company features a short article on the challenges of managing global teams. This is a real challenge that global Web teams face. Conference calls must be shuffled constantly to adjust for changing schedules and to give people in certain time zones a break from late-night calls.
And then there's the challenge of managing across cultures. Here's a very interesting exerpt:
Francisco D'Souza, COO of Cognizant, makes it a rule that new hires must have lived outside their own cultures. His newest 10 employees, for example, are fresh graduates from a dozen U.S. universities, who represent five nationalities. They'll spend a year in India before spreading across the world. The move has another purpose. "Our team in India gets exposure to different cultures," D'Souza says.
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November 3, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Language Weaver, a San Diego-based developer of machine translation software, scored additional funding from In-Q-Tel, the VC arm of the CIA (yes, even the CIA likes to gamble). It appears that Language Weaver has made great strides in creating software to effective machine translate Arabic. Given the CIA's backlog of untranslated Arabic intelligence, this software can't be delivered a minute too soon.
I noticed that the press release sizes the MT market at $4 billion. Not sure where they came up with the stat, but it certainly sounds nice. But I would agree tha MT appears to be coming into its own finally. Note to translators: I'm not implying you'll be out of business anytime soon. But I am saying that MT is going to find its niche and this niche will grow exponentially. There is simply not enough translators in the world to handle the content necessary in this increasingly global economy.
Here's the press release.
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+ TrackBacks (0) | Category: Business Globalization | Globalization Vendors | Translation
November 2, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Nielsen/Netratings released its latest count of Internet users by country. Keep in mind that some of the most booming markets are left off this chart, such as China, India and Russia:

Also, I was surprised to see the US show a decrease. But I'd like to know their methodology, as I'm not sure I buy it.
Finally, something to keep in mind moving forward is the penetration of cellular handsets. I believe the US is approaching 200 million users and an increasing number of these will have Internet access.
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November 1, 2004
Posted by John Yunker
Globalization services firm Moravia is hiring bizdev people throughout the US. Check out the latest job listings here.
Is your translation or globalization services firm hiring? Let me know and I'll try to post it.
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