John Yunker is founder of Byte Level Research and author of the widely acclaimed book, Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies and editor of Global By Design.
He has covered the emerging field of Web globalization for half a decade and has published a wide range of reports dedicated to best practices in Web localization and internationalization.
About this blog
Going Global focuses on the risks and rewards of expanding into new geographic and cultural markets, from Web globalization to international marketing to global usability.
The WSJ writes about Intel's new global advertising campaign, which is being locally tailored using regionally and/or locally recognized celebrities. The tagline "Experience entertainment in your lap" features the likes of Seal, Tony Hawk, and Chinese celebrity Tony Leung seated on the laps of others.
According to the article...
The campaign, made by Interpublic Group's McCann Worldgroup, is Intel's answer to a problem that has long vexed big marketers: Should advertising be local, global or somewhere in between? Companies such as McDonald's and Procter & Gamble use local and pan-regional techniques in international markets to push their offerings. Coca-Cola has swung back and forth between local and global ads.
Intel's double-duty approach is a departure for a technology company, as they tend to rely on a single global campaign designed to unify the messages seen by travelers, Web surfers and company employees alike. For example, Apple Computer pitches its iPod digital music player with the same dancing silhouette ads in Beijing as in Boston.
A few thoughts:
1. The laptop has gone global. This ad campaign isn't pushing desktop computers. No sir. It's all about the laptop now, where margins are higher and, with Wi-Fi, computers are truly mobile. While old timers like me first got to know a computer at a desktop, most of the world's computer users will know only a laptop. This alone I find amazing.
1. Only the ad for China actually features someone speaking in Chinese. All of the other markets feature dubbed translated content. This clearly underscores how important China is to Intel. But does that mean that Germany, for example, is that much less important that Intel couldn't use a German celebrity speaking in his or her nature tongue? I'm not trying to pick on Intel because I don't know of any company that localizes every global ad campaign to that extent, but I do think we're headed in that direction.
2. Why use a western URL? The URL used on the Chinese spot is intel.com/cn/centrino. This strikes me as odd because Intel could have just as easily used the more Chinese-specific URL: www.intel.cn/centrino. Many global marketers insist on using .com globally, but that adds another layer of navigation to users who must first go to .com and then navigate to their local market, wasting time and potentially getting them lost.
One other thought: Intel could also have used a domain name in Chinese script. These URLs do work although they are at best workarounds still.
3. In search of the truly global ad Finally, the article mentions above how Apple uses the same ad everywhere as if Apple is ignoring the localization of its advertising. While I think Apple could do a better job of translating content for its target markets -- both on its Web site and in its stores -- I think the dancing silhouette ad is actually a great example of a "global by birth" ad -- one that requires little in the way of localization. If you can remove all dialogue, use models that are not specific to any nationality (like silhouettes), and still end up with an ad that is locally appealing (on a global basis), you've created a very special global advertisement. While these ads aren't easy to come by, when companies and their agencies do come by them, they're going to get maximum global bang for their advertising buck.
The Taipei Times (by way of McChronicles) reports that McDonald's Taiwan has sold 5 million units of its home-grown rice burger after only six months on the market. Not bad.
More important, McDs is looking to expand its new burger globally. Could it play in the US? Apparently, the burger consists of a choice of either chicken or beef sandwiched between rice buns. So much for the vegetarian market.
But let's take a look at the calorie content:
rice burger: 378 calories
Big Mac: 529 calories
It certainly can't hurt to give it a shot. After all, the Happy Meal was concocted by a Kansas City ad agency as a one-time promotion and look where that ended up.
The article also notes that "McDonald's Taiwan has developed several products in the past, including Japanese style pork burger, kimchi burger, grain burger and others, but none of the products have had the success of the rice burgers."
According to Internet Retailer "Waterford Wedgwood plc has launched its first online destination and first direct-to-consumer e-commerce site in the U.S. for its Wedgwood china products, WedgwoodUSA.com. The site was designed and developed by Fry Inc."
Interestingly, Wedgwood chose to park its US site at wedgwoodUSA.com instead of wedgwood.com, which is where they locate their global gateway. The reason for this is that .com is not synonymous with USA, contrary to popular opinion. Ideally, however, the US site should be located at wedgwood.us, using the US domain name.
Here's the global gateway at www.wedgwood.co.uk.
This gateway would be much improved if they simply did away with the pull-down menu and placed the links on the Web page; it's not as if they won't fit. But it's a start and I do expect to see this page evolve in the next twelve months.
Globalization services provider SDL and XML authoring software provider Astoria have partnered to help Siemens Medical Solutions save an estimated $1 million on localization costs, according to this press release.
There were two interesting items in the release worth mentioning...
DITA is being used. DITA is the hot new XML flavor that was recently open sourced by IBM and now being adopted by major software vendors. It's nice to see a real world example of DITA being used successfully. I'm sure we're going to see many more such case studies. DITA appears to be benefiting on two growing needs in corporations these days: the "chunking" of content for reuse across media and the translation of content for global communication.
Siemens Medical publishes 190,000 product manuals annually in 18 languages. Given such volume it's easy to see how tools, well implemented, can quickly add up to significant savings. Siemens says it now be able to update technical content on a weekly basis instead of only twice a year.
The New York Times has an entertaining piece on culture and its role in how long people are apt to wait in line.
The article focuses on the new Disney Hong Kong theme park, which has had experienced epic lines thus far; apparently, part of the problem is that Asians are more likely to stand in line than other cultures, resulting in longer lines. (Or, could it also be that Disney simply lets in too many people?)
Here's an excerpt:
Ms. Zhou, who has studied the psychology of queuing in Hong Kong, although not at theme parks, said there was a tendency among Asians and others in more collective cultures to compare their situation with those around them. This may make it more likely that they will remain in a line even if it is excessively long.
Ms. Zhou said this finding was rooted in a somewhat paradoxical observation: that it is the people behind a person in line, rather than in front, that determines the person's behavior.
"The likelihood of people giving up and leaving the queue is lower when they see more people behind them," Ms. Zhou said. "You feel like you are in a better position than the others behind you."
By contrast, she said, Americans and others in more individualistic societies make fewer "social comparisons" of this sort. They don't necessarily feel better that more people are behind them, but feel bad if too many people are in front of them. Lines in these cultures tend to be more self-limiting.
Here's the full article. Hurry now before the Times locks it down; it looks like they just started "TimesSelect."
I'm not sure if this is a first for Warner Brothers but it is the first time I've seen it. The movie studio is running a Spanish-language ad for the new Tim Burton flic Corpse Bride in Spanish for the US market. Here's what the ad looks like...
Naturally, when I saw this ad I got all excited thinking there was a Spanish-language Web site behind it. But when I clicked through I found that the Corpse Bride Web site is still in English...
This is not a huge surprise given the economics of Web localization. Creating a Spanish-language Web ad costs a few bucks; creating a Spanish-language Web site (particularly one in Flash) may cost upwards of $50,000.
Will Hollywood eventually launch full-scale Spanish-language Web sites for the US market as a matter of practice? Given that the US Hispanic online population is larger than the online populations of most Latin American countries, I think they will.
Web usability consultant Jared Spool recently wrote about the difference between designing for "consistency" and designing for "current knowledge." This concept has great relevance to the design of global Web sites
Jared writes...
The problem with thinking in terms of consistency is that those thoughts focus purely on the design and the user can get lost. Is what Im designing consistent with other things weve designed (or others have designed)? is the wrong question to ask.
Instead, the right question is, Will the users current knowledge help them understand how to use what Im designing? Current knowledge is the knowledge the user has when they approach the design. Its the sum of all their previous experiences with relevant products and designs.
So let's apply this concept to the design of a global Web site. Consider how Web users around the world expect to navigate a Web site to find content that matches their language and location. Even though we're in the early stages of Web globalization, Web users have developed a "current knowledge" in this area.
For example, as more and more Web sites locate their global navigation elements in the upper right corner of the Web page, more and more people expect to find cross-language or cross-country navigation there. To locate this "global gateway" anywhere else is to work against this emerging "current knowledge."
Also, the use of a globe icon to draw attention to the global gateway further increases usability, because it sends a clear message to all Web users regardless of what language they speak. And an increasing number of Web sites have wisely added the globe icon (or a map icon). Flags may also play a valuable role in this regard, but they also present inherent dangers.
The reason I like this "current knowledge" concept is not just it forces us all to keep our designs tightly focused on our clients and prospects but also because forces us to keep our eyes open to the evolution of Web designs around the world. We cannot afford to ignore design trends in China or Korea or Eastern Europe because they directly and indirectly affect how Web users interact with our Web sites around the world.
Its name is Clay Tablet and it is focused purely on helping companies manage multilingual Web sites. It claims to have a patent-pending technology that makes the process of sending files to translators and getting them up onto the Web site truly seamless.
We shall see. I plan to learn more in the months ahead.
Clay Tablet is not the first vendor to enter these waters despite what its press release implies, but it is wise in targeting this market. There's plenty of room for growth. Most companies are going to pay to automate their Web globalization workflow (although most don't know it yet); it's merely a question of which vendor will get the money.
Other companies in this space include: SDL, Transware, Vasont, AuthorIT, and Idiom.
I just upgraded from iTunes 4 to iTunes 5 and, wouldn't you know it, Apple changed the global navigation system. Instead of placing the link to the "global gaeway" in the upper left corner of the music store, the link has been demoted to the very bottom of the page, as shown here:
iTunes 4 (Germany)
iTunes 5 (US)
Apple no doubt wanted to free up that valuable real estate at the top of the page to promote more products. And, because users cannot purchase songs across borders, the global gateway is of somewhat less importance. The way things work now, if you want to purchase songs from different country stores, you need to set up separate accounts. I'm sure this is completely driven by license limitations.
Michael Kaplan called my attention the latest Unicode fashion accessory:
For those who don't get it, that funny little question-mark character is what Mac users see when their computers don't have the right font to display a given character (or if the Web browser gets a bit confused about what font to display). Just because Unicode allows you to display the world's major languages on a Web page does not guarantee that your Web users have the right fonts on their end.
Windows users see blank boxes -- and yes there's a shirt for Windows users as well:
The shirts are available from Cafe Press. I wonder if I can get one in black...
Apple has posted a list of the top 10 songs purchased from its growing list of country iTunes stores. Even if you don't use iTunes, you can view the list at www.apple.com/euro/itunes/charts/top10songs.html.
"Youre Beautiful" by James Blunt is number one in France, Germany, Switzerland, and elsewhere but, oddly, not in the UK. I say oddly because the song is in English and the singer is from the UK.
Web localization is all about managing expectations. Patrick Hall pointed out to me yesterday that although Google offers an Amharic (www.google.com/intl/am) interface it apparently hasn't actually indexed any Amharic content.
Meanwhile, Yahoo!, without an Amharic interface, has indexed Amharic content. Amharic is the official language of Ethopia and is spoken by more than 20 million people.
Anybody out there know why this is? Perhaps Google has been so busy adding new language interfaces (116 and counting) that the folks in charge of indexing these languages haven't caught up.
PS: If your screen consists of a bunch of squares like this below, don't fret. You probably don't have the required font; my Mac apparently doesn't.
Baidu comes out on top in market share. But Google is more popular among high-end users. And Baidu relies heavily on MP3 search to drive traffic, primarily among the younger generation.
But I found this one question to be particularly worrisome for the folks at Google:
For users who never used search 6 months ago, now use as their only or primary search engine:
- Baidu 48.2%
- Sohu 19.6%
- Google 12.5%
- Sina 7.1%
Google does have a 2.6% share of Baidu, but it's going to have to put a good portion of its newly raised $4bn to work to get the rest.
You can download the full survey report at this link.